Ancient Megastructures

Ancient Megastructures: St Paul's Cathedral

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Ancient Megastructures

St Paul's Cathedral

Season 1 | Episode 5 | ABC | March 2, 2010

Ancient history

Science

Design and technologies

Classification: General

In 1666 a great fire engulfed the city of London destroying the magnificent cathedral of Old St Paul's. Architect, Christopher Wren, set out to raise a new cathedral from the ashes which soon became an iconic landmark of London.

Overview

In 1666 a great fire engulfed the city of London destroying the magnificent cathedral of Old St Paul's. Architect, Christopher Wren, set out to raise a new cathedral from the ashes which soon became an iconic landmark of London.

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From the ashes of London's Great Fire in 1666 rises Christopher Wren's daring architectural vision. As England's first Baroque cathedral, St Paul's is an icon to rival the grandeur of ancient Rome.

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For years gladiators have been legendary figures of the Ancient World; the stuff of Hollywood blockbusters like Spartacus, or Gladiator. But our knowledge has been based largely on speculation - until now. Timewatch have secured exclusive access to the biggest archaeological gladiator research project of all time. As it approaches its conclusion, Gladiator CSI reveals the secrets of how gladiators lived, fought and died, not from speculation but from forensic science. In the 1990s a survey for the ancient course of the Holy Procession Path between the temple of Artemis (one of the seven Wonders of the World) and the city of Ephesus in Turkey came upon an unexpected find: a mass burial site. But most of the cadavers did not bear the signs of death from natural causes. Instead, they seem to have met a violent end. In 2002 two forensic anthropologists went to investigate: this was a gladiator graveyard. Although the corpses of gladiators had been found before, they tended to be isolated examples. In this graveyard, no less than 67 were buried. The amount of data was unprecedented. Employing two of the world's leading forensics anthropologists as our two crime scene investigators, this is the story of their investigation. Their research makes ground-breaking conclusions probing popular myths about gladiators: Is the currently fashionable thesis that although gladiators fought vicious contests, they rarely battled to the death, really true? Were the losers of gladiatorial contests really dispatched in the arena by the turning of the emperor's thumb? Were gladiators treated as no more than animals, with no provision for their health or well-being? Spanning two centuries, our 67 corpses reveal great technological changes in fighting equipment and wounds from weapons that were hitherto thought only to be the stuff of myth (like the cubic fore dent).

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With only six days to go, the tribe still doesn't have enough food to see them to the end. After Paul's shock departure and with Mike seriously ill, just four remain in camp. Mike is so malnourished, the medic is concerned he could have liver damage. Mel is working harder than ever and is worried she'll be the next one to crack.

10,000 BC

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With only six days to go, the tribe still doesn't have enough food to see them to the end. After Paul's shock departure and with Mike seriously ill, just four remain in camp. Mike is so malnourished, the medic is concerned he could have liver damage. Mel is working harder than ever and is worried she'll be the next one to crack.

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When Alexander the Great lay on his deathbed his companions asked to whom he wished to leave his kingdom. "To the strongest," was his reply. The passing of the great conqueror plunged the Greek Empire into 40 years of war as kings, generals and henchmen vied for ultimate power.

The tribe have less than two weeks to go. The freezing temperatures and lack of success in hunting means everyone is suffering. Mike is showing signs of malnutrition; Mel thinks they have enough rations for the remaining days, topping up with fish from the lake. Paul persists with hunting, but frustration and homesickness kick in.

10,000 BC

Years 9-10, 11-12 Ancient history, Science

The tribe have less than two weeks to go. The freezing temperatures and lack of success in hunting means everyone is suffering. Mike is showing signs of malnutrition; Mel thinks they have enough rations for the remaining days, topping up with fish from the lake. Paul persists with hunting, but frustration and homesickness kick in.

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It's mid-November and the tribe are worried whether Mel's plan to ration the food for the remaining two and a half weeks will work. Paul Barnes isn't convinced: he's been busy setting deer traps. Although unsuccessful, he and Mike are exhausted from hours of hunting. Paul becomes more and more desperate in his pursuit of wild game and more and more exhausted. With Paul on the verge of collapse, an unlikely hero steps up - JP. With no hunting experience, can he tap into his primal instincts and bring back a boar?

10,000 BC

Years 9-10, 11-12 Ancient history, Science

It's mid-November and the tribe are worried whether Mel's plan to ration the food for the remaining two and a half weeks will work. Paul Barnes isn't convinced: he's been busy setting deer traps. Although unsuccessful, he and Mike are exhausted from hours of hunting. Paul becomes more and more desperate in his pursuit of wild game and more and more exhausted. With Paul on the verge of collapse, an unlikely hero steps up - JP. With no hunting experience, can he tap into his primal instincts and bring back a boar?

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Winter is approaching and the tribe needs to ensure they have enough food and wood to survive the next four weeks. Since Steve left, Mel is in charge of rations. Paul has had bronchial pneumonia for three days, but when he returns to the camp he challenges Mel on her plan. With so much work to do, the tribe can't afford to lose another member.

10,000 BC

Years 9-10, 11-12 Ancient history, Science

Winter is approaching and the tribe needs to ensure they have enough food and wood to survive the next four weeks. Since Steve left, Mel is in charge of rations. Paul has had bronchial pneumonia for three days, but when he returns to the camp he challenges Mel on her plan. With so much work to do, the tribe can't afford to lose another member.

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Day 22: after the evacuation due to heavy snow, the remaining seven tribe members continue the experiment. They must preserve and store every last ounce of a deer carcass for the remainder of the five weeks, which causes a disagreement within the group. Leader Steve decides to leave the tribe and Mel steps up but Josie does something inconceivable to JP, making any chance of survival look bleak.

10,000 BC

Years 9-10, 11-12 Ancient history, Science

Day 22: after the evacuation due to heavy snow, the remaining seven tribe members continue the experiment. They must preserve and store every last ounce of a deer carcass for the remainder of the five weeks, which causes a disagreement within the group. Leader Steve decides to leave the tribe and Mel steps up but Josie does something inconceivable to JP, making any chance of survival look bleak.

Over a thousand years ago a great civilisation built a thriving metropolis in the heart of North America. It was larger than Paris and London at the time and was known as Cahokia. It's one of the best kept secrets of western archaeology, but using cutting-edge technologies, its mysteries are finally unravelled.

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Years 9-10, 11-12 Ancient history, History, Science

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After 10 days living in the Stone Age, 12 members remain and food rations are desperately low. As temperature drops, mum Rachel is struggling. During snow fall, the situation becomes dangerous and there's no choice but to evacuate to modern day, giving everyone a taste of what they're missing.

10,000 BC

Years 9-10, 11-12 Ancient history, Science

After 10 days living in the Stone Age, 12 members remain and food rations are desperately low. As temperature drops, mum Rachel is struggling. During snow fall, the situation becomes dangerous and there's no choice but to evacuate to modern day, giving everyone a taste of what they're missing.

Day eight: the tribe only have enough rations to get them through another day. Steve uses the last of his dried meat rations to bait a fishing basket, hoping to catch something that will save the group from hunger. But when he finds just two small crayfish, the pressure is on.

10,000 BC

Years 9-10, 11-12 Ancient history, Science

Day eight: the tribe only have enough rations to get them through another day. Steve uses the last of his dried meat rations to bait a fishing basket, hoping to catch something that will save the group from hunger. But when he finds just two small crayfish, the pressure is on.

Four days ago, twenty modern Britons entered the Stone Age. They have just a few days of rations left and their energy levels are dropping. Two kilometres to the west of their Stone Age camp is a lake teeming with protein-rich fish. Leader Steve Nicholson takes a party on a mission, but with no compass, map or GPS device, it's no easy task.

10,000 BC

Years 9-10, 11-12 Ancient history, Science

Four days ago, twenty modern Britons entered the Stone Age. They have just a few days of rations left and their energy levels are dropping. Two kilometres to the west of their Stone Age camp is a lake teeming with protein-rich fish. Leader Steve Nicholson takes a party on a mission, but with no compass, map or GPS device, it's no easy task.

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