Martin Luther's attack on the all powerful Catholic Church was a knife to the heart of an empire that had endured for over a thousand years. Nailing his treatise to the doors of the Wittenberg Cathedral, this previously obscure German monk changed the world forever, unleashing forces that plunged Europe into war and chaos. But Luther would do more than revolutionise the Church, he offered the Christian world a new vision of man's relationship with God and, in turn, redefined man's relationship with authority in general.
The story of Joan of Arc is a famous and compelling one. A peasant girl who persuaded the Dauphin that God had sent her to rescue France; who commanded an army; dictated military strategy; rode into battle at the head of her troops; was injured and captured on the frontline of battle; was tried as a heretic and burnt at the stake. Dr Helen Castor (She-Wolves) is writing Joan's biography and here she is drawn to tell the story of Joan's three separate examinations by the Church.
Thomas Cromwell has gone down in history as one of the most corrupt and manipulative ruffians ever to hold power in England. He used torture to bring about the execution of a woman who had been his friend and supporter, Anne Boleyn. Diarmaid MacCulloch, professor of the history of the church at Oxford University, reveals a different image of Cromwell - a principled and pioneering statesman driven by radical evangelism.
His first public utterance as the newly elected Pope was the simple greeting, "Buona sera - good evening". He refused to live in the luxurious quarters used by his predecessors, he washed the feet of young wrongdoers including two Muslim women and he wouldn't denounce homosexuality. But can Pope Francis move beyond words and symbolism to reform the Catholic Church in a meaningful way?
Nearly five centuries ago a vast religious revolution gripped Western Europe. The Reformation split the medieval Church asunder, breaking it into competing Catholic and Protestant factions.
The ancestors of today's peaceful Amish were once seen as some of the most dangerous people in Europe. Early Protestants were radicals who tore apart the Catholic Church. We look at the battle that split Christianity into two faiths, one based on obedience and authority and one based on individual conscience. We follow the reformers who tore down statues of saints and allowed the clergy to get married.
Lord Clark explores the Reformation, travelling through the Germany of Albrecht Durer and Martin Luther, the world of Erasmus, the France of Montaigne, and visiting Shakespeare's England in the reign of Tudor Queen Elizabeth I.
Focussing on the years 1485-1558, Simon Schama takes us through how Catholic England was slowly changed into Protestant England - an historic inevitability he claims. Henry VIII a devout pilgrim like the rest of his Tudor family brought about the change through his association with Secretary of State Thomas Cromwell and his quest for a male heir.
On the 50th anniversary of Vatican II this program revisits the historic three year council that changed the Catholic Church, and examines the ongoing repercussions of its reforms.
On the 50th anniversary of Vatican II we revisit the historic three year council that changed the Catholic Church, and examine the ongoing repercussions of its reforms.
This is a story of a revolution which has affected nearly every country in the world. It influences the very fabric of our existence: from what we do for a living, to who we vote for, from whom we go to war with, to how we see ourselves as individuals and as a nation. This is a religious revolution which touches people of all religions and of none; a political revolution which has shaped our world; a philosophical revolution which fundamentally affects how we see ourselves and our fellow human beings; a cultural revolution whose reach is so profound that it is impossible to imagine the modern world without it. This is the story of how Protestantism made the modern world.
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